Hydrogen Powered Cars essays

Hydrogen Powered Cars essays Hydrogen, the simplest element, is composed of one proton and one electron. It makes up more than 90% of the composition of the universe. More than 30% of the mass of the sun is atomic hydrogen. It is the third most abundant element in the earth's surface, and is found mostly in water. Under ordinary conditions, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and nonpoisonous gas composed of diatomic molecules (H2). When cars burn gasoline, they would ideally burn it perfectly and create nothing but carbon dioxide and water in their exhaust. Unfortunately, the internal combustion engine is not perfect. In the process of burning the gasoline, it also produces; Carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas , Nitrogen oxides, the main source of urban smog , unburned hydrocarbons, the main source of urban ozone . Catalytic converters eliminate much of this pollution, but they aren't perfect either. Air pollution from cars is a real problem in big cities. Carbon is also a problem. When Carbon burns, it turns into a lot of carbon dioxide gas. Gasoline is mostly carbon by weight, so a gallon of gas might release 5 to 6 pounds of carbon into the atmosphere. The U.S. is releasing roughly 2 billion pounds of carbon into the atmosphere each day. If it were solid carbon, it would be extremely noticeable, it would be like throwing a 5-pound bag of sugar out the window of your car for every gallon of gas burned (Knapp 1). But because the 5 pounds of carbon comes out as an invisible gas (carbon dioxide), most of us are oblivious to it. The carbon dioxide coming out of every car's tailpipe is a greenhouse gas. The ultimate effects are unknown, but it is a strong possibility that, eventually, there will be climate changes that affect everyone on the planet. For this reason, there are growing efforts to replace gasoline with hydrogen. There are two possible sources for the hydrogen. Electrolysis of water; Using electricity, it is easy ...

Word List 02 Vocabulary word list for standardized tests.

Word List 02 Vocabulary word list for standardized tests. Word list 02

Is there microbial life in Mars Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is there microbial life in Mars - Research Paper Example Most recently, scientists have come up with new and improved evidence to support their claims of life on Mars. The experiments, discoveries and propositions put forward by the scientists over the period of time regarding life on Mars are discussed further in the paper. The signs of microbial life first came into picture when the experiments of the Labeled Release (LR) apparatus turned out to be positive. This experiment tested on a sample of Martian soil by mixing it with a drop of water constituting of nutrients and radioactive carbon atoms. If the soil was positive for microbial life, the nutrients in the soil would be metabolized and radioactive gases such as methane or carbon dioxide would be produced. Control samples were also prepared by heating or isolating the samples that would kill any form of life if it existed. Control samples were also mixed with nutrient solutions; hence the control experiments provided a comparison. To the amusement and the excitement of the scientists , the LR experiment turned out positive for life. â€Å"The minute the nutrients were mixed with the soil sample, you got something like 10,000 counts of radioactive molecules- a huge spike from the 50 or 60 counts that constituted the natural background radiation on Mars† (Than). These were the earliest experiments performed by the NASA scientists in pursuit of their discovery for life on Mars. Although the LR experiments turned out positive but other space probes’ experiments were negative, making the existence of microbial life on Mars skeptical. Recently, the gas emissions on Mars have been linked to biological source. The experts believe that the chances for organisms to be a source of the gasses are quite explanatory and supportive of microbial life on Mars. The methane gas produced on the Red Planet is suspected to be produced by certain microbiological organisms. On the other hand, some scientists believe that methane can be a result of geological reasons i.e. volcanic processes. However, no active volcanoes have been discovered up till now on Mars. This evidence and explanation strengthens the probability of microbial life on Earth. Scientists have explained that methanogens, certain organisms, release methane as a waste product which dwells in the water beneath the underground ice. According to Prof Pillinger, â€Å"The most obvious source of methane is organisms. So if you find methane in an atmosphere, you can suspect there is life† (Staff Reporters). Miller and mathematician Giorgio Bianciardi, employed a cluster analysis technique on the Viking’s data. This technique groups together similar looking data. This analysis was performed to evaluate the realism of the experiments and investigate the outcome of the experiments. The technique turned out with two clusters; one with two active experiments and the other with five control experiments. The biological experiments from Earth sorted with the active experiments from Vi king exhibiting the validity of claims of microbial life on Mars. Another finding which supports the previous LR experiments is the Martian Rhythms. Circadian rhythms are internal clocks which can be found in every living thing, including microbes. On Earth the clock is set to 24 hour while on Mars it should be 24.7 hours, which is the duration of a Martian day. Miller noticed that the radioactive gas measurement sin the LR experiments exhibited a rhythmic rise during the day and decline during the night. The oscillations were in accordance with the Martian

Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Supply Chain Management - Essay Example It is always necessary that the inventory does not get too out of hands and is not short of the predicted demand at the same time. Definition Supply Chain Management refers to the entire process and stages that go in the supply of goods and services. To coordinate the production and market supply. It refers to the management and integration of all operations within and outside of the organization to maintain the entire supply chain, like production of goods, entire process of inventory stocking, procurement of raw materials from various suppliers outside the organization, transportation and distribution of raw and readymade goods in a cost effective manner, so as to ensure the overall cost of production can be kept low, in turn resulting higher profit margins. In addition to the scope mentioned as above, one of the most important functions of the supply chain management is to draw business boundaries and define the scope of the business, which will allow an organization to analyze an d understand the feasibility of carrying out a certain production function in-house or outsourcing the stage for better results. According to Mentzer, et al: "Supply chain Management (SCM) is defined as the systematic, strategic coordination of the traditional business functions and the tactics across these business functions within a particular company and across businesses within the supply chain, for the purpose of improving the long-term performance of the individual companies and the supply chain as a whole" (Ballou 5). Functions The main roles of supply chain management can be understood by dividing them into the following heads: Identifying the Scope and Feasibility Demand and Supply/Adequate Inventory Logistics Procuring and purchasing Production Sales The primary role of supply chain management is to observe and analyze the existing operation cycle of an organization and then define the scope of the various stages and aspects of in-house production. This is done to understa nd the feasibility of outsourcing some stages of operation to a third party in order to keep the cost low, get better quality products and get the finished product in a limited time, so as to ensure smooth running of the organization. Demand and Supply as discussed are at the core of any business defining its market existence and sustenance. The key is to meet the current market demand and have adequate stocks to meet any sudden changes in the demand curve, yet ensuring that the stock inventory goes too high that it starts affecting the overall cost of production. Obtaining, storing, transporting and then distributing are the core functions in the logistics function of the supply chain management. Fetching and transporting the raw material to the production site and then storing the finished product in the warehouses to finally getting the products distributed to be consumed directly by the consumer are some of the functions of the logistics that in turn have a major affect on all t he other stages in the entire supply chain management cycle. Procuring and pur

Managing change and team working in a hospital Essay

Managing change and team working in a hospital - Essay Example Therefore, to lead changes successfully, leaders are supposed to be able to describe the process of change within the organization and how it can affect individuals within the firm. Thus, this paper will have a report on managing change and team working in the medical assessment unit. The change that I would like implement in my area, medical assessment unit, is to introduce a wall mounted that shows date, day, time and location. The TV will also display seasonal slideshows that are visual cues as to the time of the year, and they give enjoyable outside pictorial view that is often not available and can also enhance conversations. I want to carry out the implementation since it will help the confused patients and those with dementia with their surroundings and to make them be aware of date and time. Thus, my objective is to minimize confusion and prevent healthcare team answering repeated questions. To successfully implement the changes, I am required to analyze the policy drivers, internal barriers and drivers, anticipated benefits, the strategies work team engagement and measuring success methods following the changes in the unit. The policy drivers refer to the principle adopted by the organization or team management (Bellman, 2003). It is heavily influenced public opinion, objective information, and the media. In this case, the medical assessment unit has diverse policies that drive to the need for change. Firstly, the unit is expected to implement standing protocols or orders that facilitate prompt, accurate patient treatment and assessment. Mounting a TV that contain the time and date will help in having accurate patient treatment and assessment. For instance, the patient is able to take their medicine on time as instructed by the doctor. Secondly, the medical assessment unit requires the application of an estimated time and date of discharge on admission to improve timely discharge and care coordination (Boshoff, & Bone, 2005).

Literacy and First Graders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Literacy and First Graders - Essay Example Looking at literacy and reading readiness at the academic and scholastic level, it is much easier to see the current issues and concerns in literature. Pre-reading skills are already considered to be of the most important in children learning to read quickly and successfully. These skills include, but are not limited to sight awareness of letters and common words, phonemic awareness, basic comprehension, writing skills, vocabulary, and word attack skills. Sight awareness suggests that children can fully recognize all letters in both lower and uppercase forms, and are able to recognize simple and common words (the, at, apple) regularly, with no assistance. This is perhaps the most crucial of all pre-reading skills, since children use this base to build vocabulary. Phonemic awareness is a child's understanding of what sounds a letter or a pair of letters makes, and how it can change from situation to situation. This recognition makes it possible for children to link a written and a spoken word in their mind. Basic comprehension deals with a child understanding what they have read or had read to them, and able to discuss what they hav e just read or heard. Basic comprehension skills are essential for successful readers, since it is not the ability to read a word, rather the ability to understand the word that is being tested. Writing skills are considered pre-reading skills, since they help children develop a physical understanding of how words are formed, and how letters are formed. Along with basic comprehension, writing is used to determine a child's literacy rate, rather than necessarily improve their ability to read. While increased reading has been proven to improve writing skills, there have been no recent studies suggesting that the opposite is true. Vocabulary is the words that a child knows, which help them to decode words that they are unfamiliar with. The greater a child's vocabulary, the greater chance they have of being successful in understanding a new word or idea. Vocabulary is built both through successful reading skills, and through comprehension of stories both read by the child and read to th e child. Finally, word attack skills are the child's ability to look at a word and to successfully decipher its' meaning, in the context in which it has been presented. The more willing to attack a word a child is, the greater chance they have of succeeding. These skills are all necessary pre-reading skills, and are presented in Tivnan and Hemphill's 2005 study of literacy programs in high poverty areas. By looking at children from high poverty areas, and from minority groups, it is clear that literacy is still a primary concern for the educational community. Children from low socioeconomic classes, particularly those from minority families, are at risk for developing poor literacy skills. These children enter school with less early literacy training, and are more likely to leave elementary school with an inadequate ability to read (Tivnan and Hemphill, 2005). Clearly, early introduction to pre-reading skills and literacy campaigns makes a significant difference in children's ability to excel at the reading task. Children from poor

Behind and history of blood diamonds Research Paper

Behind and history of blood diamonds - Research Paper Example The trade of blood diamonds has been the cause of 4 million deaths. In the 1990s, before relevant steps were taken to curb the problem, conflict diamond trade amounted to be between 3.7-20 percent of the total global diamond trade (â€Å"Blood Diamonds†). It was during the end of 1998 and the beginning of 1999 that the UN began to approach the issue of blood diamond. The UN together with relevant NGOs began to create general awareness regarding blood diamonds among policy makers, media and public representatives to inform them about the gravity of the issue. The UN subsequently passed resolutions such as United Nations Security Council Resolution 1173  and  United Nations Security Council Resolution 1176 to ban the trade of illegal diamonds in Angola. However, these resolutions had little effect on prominent warlords. Trade of Blood Diamonds continued to occur in Angola. The UN then commissioned the Canadian ambassador, Robert Fowler to investigate the issue further. Fowler’s investigations resulted in the Fowler Report in 2000. This report helped form the Kimberly Process Certification Scheme. Under the Kimberly Process Certification Scheme, it is illegal to trade diamonds in any country where the diamonds are not in officially sealed packages. Furthermore, criminal charges are to be imposed to anyone caught trading in illegal diamonds. However, the biggest shortcoming of the Scheme is that it does not protect Blood Diamond trade from corrupt officials who are willing to officially stamp the diamonds for a certain fee. The definition of blood diamond is also limited in this process (Bates). It is argued that the Kimberley Process needs to be revised even as some claim that this process is a step in the right direction (Grant, 393). Others are completely against the process by claiming that the scheme only supports nations and businesses